Cross borders with a clear legal and device plan

Border rules depend on nationality, residency, travel purpose and the exact route. They can also differ between mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Do not copy a friend's entry experience or a visa concession from advice written for another passport.

Before reaching the border

Confirm passport or permit validity, visa or endorsement requirements, permission to work or attend business activities, transit eligibility and the ability to return. Check requirements for accompanying children and any person travelling separately from a parent or guardian.

Obtain advice if citizenship status is uncertain. Mainland China does not recognise dual nationality, and recognition by authorities can affect access to foreign consular assistance. This is especially important for people with former Chinese nationality or unresolved documentation. [S47]

Carry only necessary data and devices, with ordinary lawful backups and a clear business purpose. Data minimisation is preparation, not permission to conceal material, lie to officials or obstruct a lawful search. Do not delete evidence or remotely wipe a device subject to legal process.

At the airport and checkpoint

• Keep devices and documents under observation through security screening. Avoid leaving a phone unlocked with a stranger or displaying financial apps in queues.
• Do not carry packages, cash, devices or recovery materials for people you have not appropriately verified.
• Follow applicable cash, valuable item, medication and customs declaration rules. Ask the relevant authority or adviser about an uncertain item before travel.
• Use ordinary payment methods for legitimate fees. Do not make a cryptocurrency transfer to an individual who claims it is an unofficial shortcut or a way to “clear” an account.

If questioned or detained

Remain calm, avoid physical resistance and ask for the reason, an interpreter and legal assistance where available. Ask about consular contact if applicable to your status. Do not sign a document you cannot understand without requesting explanation and advice. Local law governs what assistance and access are available.

Record names, agency details, times and documents when lawful and safe. Inform your trusted contact through an authorised channel. Do not assume that a bodyguard, foreign residence permit or prominent contact can override the process.

Ask counsel in advance: whether your planned crypto activity is permitted, how data or device access rules apply, and whether any commercial, employment, tax or civil matter creates a travel restriction. This guide does not provide individual entry clearance or a legal opinion.